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The Saint John River ((フランス語:Fleuve Saint-Jean)) is a river, approximately long, located principally in the Canadian province of New Brunswick but also in and arising from the province of Quebec and the U.S. state of Maine. It forms part of the Canada–United States border in two different places along its length. The river drains an area of approximately , of which slightly more than half is located in New Brunswick. Along that portion of the Atlantic shoreline of North America that lies between the St. Lawrence River and the Mississippi River, the Saint John River is the second longest waterway; only the Susquehanna is longer. It has been nicknamed the "Rhine of North America". The river is regulated by hydro power dams located at Mactaquac, Beechwood, and Grand Falls, New Brunswick. ==Description== The Baker Branch of the Saint John River rises in the Saint John Ponds of Somerset County in northwestern Maine. The Southwest Branch of the Saint John River originates in Little Saint John Lake on the Maine–Quebec border near Saint-Zacharie, Quebec, and forms the international boundary between Maine and Quebec as it flows northeasterly to join the Baker Branch in northern Somerset County. The Northwest Branch of the Saint John River rises from Lac Frontière in Montmagny Regional County Municipality near the southeastern Quebec border and flows southerly through Maine to a confluence with the Daaquam River and then easterly to a confluence with the Southwest Branch. The branches combine to form the main river flowing northeastward through western Aroostook County (). The Lacroix road built in 1923 from Lac-Frontière crosses the river at Ninemile Bridge.〔Jackson (2007) p. 123〕 Near Seven Islands the river was crossed by an 18th century trail from the St. Lawrence River.〔Jackson (2007) p. 120〕 There is an Abenaki burial site containing a large number of graves where the Big Black River joins the Saint John in township 18, range 13, WELS. Local legend maintains the confluence is haunted by the spirits of Abenaki killed by an epidemic of European disease.〔Jackson (2007) p. 139〕 Near Allagash, the Saint John is joined by the Allagash River. The whole portion of the Saint John River that lies entirely in Maine is essentially a wilderness waterway, although many smoothly weathered granite boulders within the channel were broken by blasting during the early 20th century log driving.〔Jackson (2007) p. 194〕 Below St. Francis, the Saint John begins to form part of the international boundary between Maine and New Brunswick. Continuing its northeasterly course, the river passes Fort Kent, Maine, and then flows between Edmundston, New Brunswick, and Madawaska, Maine, where it turns southeast, passing between Van Buren, Maine, and Saint-Léonard, New Brunswick. Near Grand Falls, New Brunswick, the river enters entirely into New Brunswick, and changes direction to flow due south through the fertile Upper Saint John River Valley, framed by the rising hills of the Appalachian range in Victoria and Carleton counties. At Perth-Andover, the river is joined by the Aroostook and the Tobique rivers. At Hartland, it is crossed by the longest covered bridge in the world. Further south at Woodstock, the river leaves the Upper Valley and turns east, heading away from the border region. It is joined by Nackawic Stream at Nackawic and passes small communities such as Bear Island. The Maliseet capital of Meductic was located along the Saint John River in the 17th and into the mid-18th century. This site was flooded in 1965 after completion of the Mactaquac Dam with the waterline level above sea level. The river continues eastward until it reaches New Brunswick's capital city Fredericton (where it becomes navigable, at an elevation of above sea level) and then the military town of Oromocto. Turning south from Oromocto, the river is joined by the short Jemseg River which empties New Brunswick's largest lake, Grand Lake. This part of the river valley becomes broad and shallow. The river is dotted by many low islands used for pastureland during dry periods in the summer and fall. South of the Jemseg, the Saint John River is surrounded by the low hills of the St. Croix Highlands. It is joined by several lateral bays, including Belleisle Bay, the Nerepis River and the Kennebecasis River. The Saint John River finally discharges into the Bay of Fundy at the industrial city of Saint John. Near the river's mouth is the site of the Reversing Falls, caused by the high tides of the Bay of Fundy. These tides are the highest in the world and cause the river to reverse its flow twice a day in a narrow gorge in the city's centre. The Saint John River has a maximum depth of 50 metres above the Mactaquac Dam. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Saint John River (Bay of Fundy)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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